Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder in New York, NY

Generalized anxiety disorder, or GAD, is a psychiatric problem in which anxiety is not a temporary state but a chronic condition. While it is normal for all individuals to worry about an upcoming event such as an examination or job interview, patients with GAD are in a perpetual state of anxiety, unable to relax. The disorder may become so severe that it interferes with school, work or relationships. GAD is a very common disorder, affecting millions of individuals in the United States alone. More than twice as many women as men suffer from the disorder.

Causes of GAD

While precise causes for GAD have not been determined, the disorder is believed to be the result of abnormalities in the brain that may be, at least partially, hereditary. Hormonal changes, like those that occur prior to or during menstruation or during menopause, may be a factor in the development of the disorder, accounting for the fact that females are noticeably more prone to the disorder than men. GAD is thought to be exacerbated by environmental factors like trauma or extreme stress.

Symptoms of GAD

Symptoms of GAD, which most commonly begin during childhood or adolescence, may begin in adulthood as well. These symptoms may be both psychological and physiological. Often diffuse, these symptoms may be accompanied by a fear of dying.

Psychological Symptoms

Excessive worry about small things
Perpetual worry
Anxiiety without a perceived cause
Fear or dread
Inability to relax
Restlessness, irritability, tension
Difficulty concentrating
Extreme or frequent startle response

Physiological Symptoms

Insomnia or other sleep disturbances
Headaches, fatigue, nausea, lightheadedness
Muscle aches, muscle twitching
Palpitations, chest pain
Gastrointestinal distress
Other aches and pains
Frequent urge to urinate
Breathlessness
Hot flashes or sweating
Trembling
Difficulty swallowing
Dry mouth

Diagnosing GAD

Generalized anxiety disorder is typically diagnosed through a full medical history and a psychological evaluation. In order to be diagnosed with GAD, a patient has to meet the following criteria:

In addition, in order to be diagnosed with GAD, adult patient must experience three of the following and children must experience at least one:

Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder is typically treated through a combination of medication and psychotherapy. The types of medications typically prescribed for generalized anxiety disorder include antidepressants, tranquilizers, busiprone, beta blockers, and benzodiazepines. These medications may differ in the length of time they require to provide symptomatic relief. Sometimes patients are given benzodiazepines, such as Xanax or Valium, to use temporarily until other medications, such as antidepressants, take effect. Several varieties of psychotherapy may be used in treating GAD. Cognitive behavioral therapy has been found to be particularly helpful.

Alternative therapies, including various relaxation techniques and meditation are reported to assist some patients in maintaining a sense of calm. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and avoiding alcohol, caffeine and other stimulants can also help relieve the symptoms of GAD. A strong support system of family and friends is also beneficial.

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